Type of Media 5
Author 552
Date 7
Commenting on Aristotle. From Late Antiquity to the Arab Aristotelianism, 2002
By: D'Ancona Costa, Cristina, Geerlings, Wilhelm (Ed.), Schulze, Christian (Ed.)
Title Commenting on Aristotle. From Late Antiquity to the Arab Aristotelianism
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2002
Published in Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter. Beiträge zu seiner Erforschung
Pages 201-251
Categories no categories
Author(s) D'Ancona Costa, Cristina
Editor(s) Geerlings, Wilhelm , Schulze, Christian
Translator(s)
The paper explores the structural aspects of the Arabic-Latin reception of Aristotle's works, particularly the approach or approaches taken by Arab philosophers in transmitting Aristotelian texts to the Latin Middle Ages. The author argues that the analysis of the doctrinal contents of the Arabic Aristotle is complex and instead focuses on the movement of rise and development of the medieval genre of philosophical commentary, particularly the line by line commentary typical of Alexander of Aphrodisias. The paper discusses the history and institutional context of the medieval philosophical commentary, including the influence of scriptural exegesis, literary and rhetorical traditions, and juridical and medical literature. The paper concludes that Neoplatonism was of paramount importance in the transmission of the Aristotelian corpus both to the Arabic and Latin Middle Ages. The paper also includes a synopsis of the Greek commentaries to Aristotle's works and their mentions in the Arab bio-bibliographical sources. [introduction/conclusion]

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From Late Antiquity to the Arab Aristotelianism","main_title":{"title":"Commenting on Aristotle. From Late Antiquity to the Arab Aristotelianism"},"abstract":"The paper explores the structural aspects of the Arabic-Latin reception of Aristotle's works, particularly the approach or approaches taken by Arab philosophers in transmitting Aristotelian texts to the Latin Middle Ages. The author argues that the analysis of the doctrinal contents of the Arabic Aristotle is complex and instead focuses on the movement of rise and development of the medieval genre of philosophical commentary, particularly the line by line commentary typical of Alexander of Aphrodisias. The paper discusses the history and institutional context of the medieval philosophical commentary, including the influence of scriptural exegesis, literary and rhetorical traditions, and juridical and medical literature. The paper concludes that Neoplatonism was of paramount importance in the transmission of the Aristotelian corpus both to the Arabic and Latin Middle Ages. The paper also includes a synopsis of the Greek commentaries to Aristotle's works and their mentions in the Arab bio-bibliographical sources. [introduction\/conclusion]","btype":2,"date":"2002","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/ohcpXlyiZyGXBH5","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":60,"full_name":"D'Ancona Costa, Cristina","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":159,"full_name":"Geerlings, Wilhelm","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":160,"full_name":"Schulze, Christian ","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1286,"section_of":267,"pages":"201-251","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":267,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter. 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Great emphasis is laid on the interdisciplinary connection between these different points of view, for example by discussing the question on the impact pagan rhetoric had on Christian commentary texts. Further interest is focused on relevant literature - medicine, grammar, philosophy - and its commentaries. ","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/t1Wsaktcc3bLUhj","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":267,"pubplace":"Leiden \u2013 Boston \u2013 K\u00f6ln","publisher":"Brill","series":"Clavis commentariorum antiquitatis et medii aevi","volume":"2","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2002]}

Wehrli’s Edition of Eudemus of Rhodes: The Physical Fragments from Simplicius’ Commentary On Aristotle’s Physics, 2002
By: Baltussen, Han, Fortenbaugh, William W. (Ed.), Bodnár, István M. (Ed.)
Title Wehrli’s Edition of Eudemus of Rhodes: The Physical Fragments from Simplicius’ Commentary On Aristotle’s Physics
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2002
Published in Eudemus of Rhodes
Pages 127-156
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Fortenbaugh, William W. , Bodnár, István M.
Translator(s)
This text discusses a critical assessment of Wehrli's edition of Eudemus of Rhodes' fragments, focusing on their relevance to physics and Simplicius' commentary on Aristotle's Physics. The author argues that Wehrli's edition, while once standard, no longer meets current standards and necessitates a new one. Simplicius' role in preserving and interpreting ancient philosophers' doctrines and the significance of Eudemus' fragments are highlighted. The paper presents additional passages from Simplicius' commentary that were not included in Wehrli's edition, suggesting the need for a broader approach to studying fragments. The value of Eudemus' clarifications for later commentators is emphasized, leading to the conclusion that a reevaluation of Wehrli's method and form is necessary for future editors of the Eudemian fragments. [introduction/conclusion]

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The author argues that Wehrli's edition, while once standard, no longer meets current standards and necessitates a new one. Simplicius' role in preserving and interpreting ancient philosophers' doctrines and the significance of Eudemus' fragments are highlighted. The paper presents additional passages from Simplicius' commentary that were not included in Wehrli's edition, suggesting the need for a broader approach to studying fragments. The value of Eudemus' clarifications for later commentators is emphasized, leading to the conclusion that a reevaluation of Wehrli's method and form is necessary for future editors of the Eudemian fragments. [introduction\/conclusion]","btype":2,"date":"2002","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/Owdxxm6uyCqNXiY","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":7,"full_name":"Fortenbaugh, William W. ","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":6,"full_name":"Bodn\u00e1r, Istv\u00e1n M.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":972,"section_of":287,"pages":"127-156","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":287,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Eudemus of Rhodes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Fortenbaugh2002","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2002","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2002","abstract":"Eudemus of Rhodes was a pupil of Aristotle in the second half of the fourth century BCE. When Aristotle died, having chosen Theophrastus as his successor, Eudemus returned to Rhodes where it appears he founded his own school. His contributions to logic were significant: he took issue with Aristotle concerning the status of the existential \"is,\" and together with Theophrastus he made important contributions to hypothetical syllogistic and modal logic. He wrote at length on physics, largely following Aristotle, and took an interest in animal behavior. His histories of geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy were of great importance and are responsible for much of what we know of these subjects in earlier times.Volume 11 in the series Rutgers Studies in Classical Humanities is different in that it is composed entirely of articles that discuss Eudemus from a variety of viewpoints. Sixteen scholars representing seven nations have contributed essays to the volume. A special essay by Dimitri Gutas brings together for the first time the Arabic material relating to Eudemus. Other contributors and essays are: Hans B. Gottschalk, \"Eudemus and the Peripatos\"; Tiziano Dorandi, \"Quale aspetto controverso della biografia di Eudemo di Rodi\"; William W. Fortenbaugh, \"Eudemus' Work On Expression\"; Pamela M. Huby, \"Did Aristotle Reply to Eudemus and Theophrastus on Some Logical Issues?\"; Robert Sharples, \"Eudemus Physics: Change, Place and Time\"; Han Baltussen, \"Wehrli's Edition of Eudemus of Rhodes: The Physical Fragments from Simplicius' Commentary on Aristotle's Physics\"; Sylvia Berryman, \"Sumphues and Suneches: Continuity and Coherence in Early Peripatetic Texts\"; Istvbn Bodnbr, \"Eudemus' Unmoved Movers: Fragments 121-123b Wehrli\"; Deborah K. W. Modrak, \"Phantasia, Thought and Science in Eudemus\"; Stephen White, \"Eudemus the Naturalist\"; J orgen Mejer, \"Eudemus and the History of Science\"; Leonid Zhmud, \"Eudemus' History of Mathematics\"; Alan C. Bowen, \"Eudemus' History of Early Greek Astronomy: Two Hypotheses\"; Dmitri Panchenko, \"Eudemus Fr. 145 Wehrli and the Ancient Theories of Lunar Light\"; and Gbbor Betegh, \"On Eudemus Fr. 150 Wehrli.\"\"[Eudemus of Rhodes] marks a substantial progress in our knowledge of Eurdemus. For it enlarges the scope of the information available on this author, highlights the need of, and paves the way to, a new critical edition of the Greek fragments of his works, and provides a clearer view of his life, thought, sources and influence. In all these respects, it represents a necessary complement to Wehrli's edition of Eudemus' fragments.\" -Amos Bertolacci, The Classical BulletinIstvbn Bodnbr is a member of the philosophy department at the Eotvos University in Budapest, where he teaches and does research on ancient philosophy. He has been a junior fellow at the Center for Hellenic Studies and most recently has been an Alexander von Humboldt Stipendiat in Berlin at the Max Plank Institut for Wissenschaftsgeschichte and at the Freie Universitot.William W. Fortenbaugh is professor of classics at Rutgers University. In addition to editing several books in this series, he has written Aristotle on Emotion and Quellen zur Ethik Theophrastus. New is his edition of Theophrastus's treatise On Sweat.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/Ej9J55UD4Czen6M","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":287,"pubplace":"New Jersey","publisher":"Transaction Publisher","series":"Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities","volume":"11","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2002]}

Modifications of the method of inquiry in Aristotle’s Physics I.1. An essay on the dynamics of the ancient commentary tradition, 2002
By: Haas, Frans A. J. de, Leijenhorst, Cees (Ed.), Lüthy, Christoph (Ed.), Thijssen, J. M. M. H. (Ed.)
Title Modifications of the method of inquiry in Aristotle’s Physics I.1. An essay on the dynamics of the ancient commentary tradition
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2002
Published in The dynamics of Aristotelian natural philosophy from Antiquity to the seventeenth century
Pages 31-56
Categories no categories
Author(s) Haas, Frans A. J. de
Editor(s) Leijenhorst, Cees , Lüthy, Christoph , Thijssen, J. M. M. H.
Translator(s)
In this essay, Frans A.J. de Haas explores the commentary tradition on Aristotle's Physics, focusing on the first chapter, which is considered pivotal for Aristotelian natural philosophy. The chapter sets the stage for Aristotle's principles of science and the method of scientific inquiry. However, the twenty-two lines of the chapter have not lived up to these high expectations, leading to a bewildering variety of interpretations in the commentary tradition. The essay aims to understand the development of the commentary tradition and the factors that influenced the various interpretations. De Haas presents a method of charting a commentator's philosophical environment to explain their modifications of Aristotle's doctrine. He examines the interpretation of Physics 1.1 by Themistius, an influential ancient commentator. De Haas identifies several factors that may explain Themistius' specific interpretation, such as the assumption of a deductive method in physics, the influence of Theophrastus' logical analysis, and Alexander's proposal of the coherence of all sciences. Themistius introduces the topic of universal concepts, which leads to discussions about the priority of universals in Aristotle's writings. The essay concludes that understanding the dynamics of the ancient commentary tradition allows us to recognize the influence of earlier interpretations in later commentators. This realization highlights the importance of carefully considering the original context and intentions of Aristotle's work to avoid misinterpretations in subsequent commentaries. [introduction/conclusion]

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H.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":523,"section_of":370,"pages":"31-56","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":370,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"The dynamics of Aristotelian natural philosophy from Antiquity to the seventeenth century","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Leijenhorst_2002","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2002","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2002","abstract":"","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/EZqjexic8BQf4du","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":370,"pubplace":"Leiden \u2013 Boston \u2013 K\u00f6ln","publisher":"Brill","series":"Medieval and early modern science","volume":"5","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2002]}

Thomas' Neoplatonic Histories: His following of Simplicius, 2002
By: Hankey, Wayne J.
Title Thomas' Neoplatonic Histories: His following of Simplicius
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Dionysius
Volume 20
Categories no categories
Author(s) Hankey, Wayne J.
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Following Simplicius, Thomas set up the Platonic and Aristotelian philosophical viae as complementary oppositions each of which contributed to the truth. Thomas also followed Simplicius in discerning differences between the hermeneutic methods of the two great schools. He reproduced the history of philosophy of Simplicius as soon as he had his commentaries, agreed with many of his conciliating judgments, and used the same reconciling logical figures. He does not identify himself as a Peripatetic or as a Platonist. However, when he agrees that Aristotle’s way of reasoning, per viam motus, to the existence of separate substances is manifestior et certior, he is sitting in judgment with, not against, Simplicius. For both the sixth and the thirteenth century commentators, Plato and Aristotle are assimilated to each other in various ways, and the real possibility of any beginning except that from the sensible is excluded. Thomas’ hermeneutic is that of the Platonic tradition in late Antiquity – Thomas certainly thought that the truth was veiled under poetic and symbolic language and judged this to be essential for revealing the truth to humans. Consistently with this approach, in the exposition of the De Caelo, Aquinas goes so far with Simplicius as to find “something divine (fabula aliquid divinum continet)” in the myth that Atlas holds up the heavens.106 He would seem, thus, to be on his way to the reconciliation of religious as well as of philosophical traditions. If this should, in fact, be his intent, Thomas would be following Simplicius and his Neoplatonic predecessors in their deepest purposes. This Christian priest, friar, and saint would have placed himself with the “divine” Proclus among the successors of Plato. [Conclusion]

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Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter. Beiträge zu seiner Erforschung, 2002
By: Geerlings, Wilhelm (Ed.), Schulze, Christian (Ed.)
Title Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter. Beiträge zu seiner Erforschung
Type Edited Book
Language undefined
Date 2002
Publication Place Leiden – Boston – Köln
Publisher Brill
Series Clavis commentariorum antiquitatis et medii aevi
Volume 2
Categories no categories
Author(s)
Editor(s) Geerlings, Wilhelm , Schulze, Christian
Translator(s)
This collection of essays deals with the often neglected literary genre 'commentary' in ancient and medieval times. It is based on the work of the Bochum Graduiertenkolleg 237, where aspects such as definition, form and history of commentary texts, implicit commentation, pictures and paintings as commentaries were discussed. This volume presents a choice of 16 lectures which accompanied the colloquia from 1996. Introductions, but also special topics from the perspectives of theology, philosophy, classical philology, medical history, Arabic and Jewish Studies are given by the contributors. Great emphasis is laid on the interdisciplinary connection between these different points of view, for example by discussing the question on the impact pagan rhetoric had on Christian commentary texts. Further interest is focused on relevant literature - medicine, grammar, philosophy - and its commentaries.

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Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile, 2002
By: Kukkonen, Taneli
Title Alternatives to Alternatives: Approaches to Aristotle's Arguments per impossibile
Type Article
Language English
Date 2002
Journal Vivarium
Volume 40
Issue 2
Pages 137-173
Categories no categories
Author(s) Kukkonen, Taneli
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
When arguing from impossible premises, what was Aristotle's ratio- nale? Is there a way to salvage all of these purported arguments "through the impossible"? In this article, I wish to examine some of the answers offered by commentators on Aristotle ranging from Alexander to Buridan. We shall see that within the discussion, a more systematic picture of Aristotle's intentions slowly emerges. [p. 141]

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Geist im Exil. Römische Philosophen am Hof der Sasaniden, 2002
By: Hartmann, Udo, Schuol, Monika (Ed.), Hartmann, Udo (Ed.), Luther, Andreas (Ed.)
Title Geist im Exil. Römische Philosophen am Hof der Sasaniden
Type Book Section
Language German
Date 2002
Published in Grenzüberschreitungen. Formen des Kontakts zwischen Orient und Okzident im Altertum
Pages 123-160
Categories no categories
Author(s) Hartmann, Udo
Editor(s) Schuol, Monika , Hartmann, Udo , Luther, Andreas
Translator(s)
Der Exkurs über Chosroes, Uranius und die Philosophengesandtschaft der athenischen Neuplatoniker im Jahr 532 gestattet einen Einblick in die kulturellen Kontakte zwischen Rom und Persien im 6. Jahrhundert. Er zeigt, daß es im Römischen Reich eine weitverbreitete Kenntnis über die Renaissance der Sasaniden unter Chosroes gab, auch wenn das Bild Persiens zum Teil idealisiert wurde. Die philosophische Bildung des Chosroes rühmten sowohl Perser als auch Römer. Der Exkurs demonstriert das breite Interesse an der anderen Kultur, das sich besonders bei den Heiden fand. Schließlich ver­ deutlicht er, daß sich Persien im 6. Jahrhundert zunehmend zum Fluchtpunkt für Heiden und andere Verfolgte aus dem Römischen Reich entwickelte. [conclusion, p. 156]

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Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 3: Alexander von Aphrodisias, 2001
By: Wiesner, Jürgen (Ed.), Moraux, Paul
Title Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 3: Alexander von Aphrodisias
Type Monograph
Language German
Date 2001
Publication Place Berlin – New York
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Peripatoi
Volume 7/1
Categories no categories
Author(s) Moraux, Paul
Editor(s) Wiesner, Jürgen
Translator(s)

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Zeno of Elea's Argument from Bisection: Newly Discovered Evidence in a Hebrew Translation of Averroes, 2001
By: Glasner, Ruth
Title Zeno of Elea's Argument from Bisection: Newly Discovered Evidence in a Hebrew Translation of Averroes
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Aleph
Volume 1
Pages 285-293
Categories no categories
Author(s) Glasner, Ruth
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
To conclude, in the Hebrew version of Averroes' long commentary on the Physics, comment 1.30, we find what seems to be Alexander's version of Zeno's argument ek tes dichotomias against plurality. Averroes interprets Zeno's argument as contradicting Parmenides', thus drawing attention to a problem that is latent in Simplicius' commentary. [conclusion, p. 293]

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Aquinas and Simplicius on Dispositions – A Question in Fundamental Moral Theory, 2001
By: Boland, Vivian
Title Aquinas and Simplicius on Dispositions – A Question in Fundamental Moral Theory
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal New Blackfriars
Volume 82
Issue 968
Pages 467-478
Categories no categories
Author(s) Boland, Vivian
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
A crucial building block in Aquinas's moral theory is the notion of habitus or disposition since for him, following Aristotle, a virtue is a kind of disposition. But this more philosophical part of his account of virtue has received little enough direct attention in recent times for reasons that may become clearer as we proceed. What I want to do in this paper is to look again at those questions in the Summa where Aquinas explains this notion of ' habitus' or disposition. It is important for his understanding of the human being as a moral agent as well as for his account of grace, and in particular of those gifts of faith, hope and charity which Christian tradition calls 'theological virtues'. It is a text whose examination will lead us into a number of central and current questions about the nature of Aquinas's theological synthesis and about whether or not we may consider any of his work as purely philosophical, i.e. philosophical as distinct from theological. [Introduction, pp. 467 f.]

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  • PAGE 44 OF 93
Neoplatonism, the Greek Commentators, and Renaissance Aristotelianism, 1982
By: Mahoney, Edward P., O'Meara, Dominic J. (Ed.)
Title Neoplatonism, the Greek Commentators, and Renaissance Aristotelianism
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 1982
Published in Neoplatonism and Christian thought
Pages 169-177
Categories no categories
Author(s) Mahoney, Edward P.
Editor(s) O'Meara, Dominic J.
Translator(s) 
In this paper I should like to share with my fellow students of Neoplatonism the results  of  researches  in  medieval  and  Renaissance  Aristotelianism  that  have brought to  light interesting ways in which Neoplatonism came to have a special impact on the development of Renaissance Aristotelianism. It is certainly not my aim to exclude other possible ways in which Neoplatonism had its effect, but I do believe  that historians  of ancient  Neoplatonism  will  themselves  be  surprised  to learn of the pervasiveness of certain themes among supposed proponents of Aris­totle during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The two topics on which I wish to concentrate are (1) the influence on late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Aristotelianism of two late ancient commentators on Aristotle, namely, Themistius <317—388) and Simplicius (Jl. 530),1 and (2) a conceptual scheme of metaphysical hierarchy whose origins are clearly Neoplatonic and which was constantly debated during the same period. [Author's abstract]

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Neoplatonists on the causes of vegetative life, 2015
By: Wilberding, James, Marmodoro, Anna (Ed.), Prince, Brian (Ed.)
Title Neoplatonists on the causes of vegetative life
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Causation and Creation in Late Antiquity
Pages 171-185
Categories no categories
Author(s) Wilberding, James
Editor(s) Marmodoro, Anna , Prince, Brian
Translator(s) 
In  the  Neoplatonism  of late  antiquity  there  was  an  exciting  and  revolution­
ary  development  in  the  understanding  of  the  aetiology  involved  in  the 
generation  of living  things,  and  here  it  will  be  argued  that  this  extended  all 
the  way  to  the  Neoplatonic  understanding  of  the  causes  of vegetative  life. 
In  a  way,  this  should  come  as  no  surprise.  Hippocratics,  Aristotle  and 
Galen  had  all  viewed  the  processes  involved  in  the  generation  of plants  as 
analogous  to  those  in  the  generation  of embryos.1  In  fact,  the  embryo  was 
commonly  held  to  have  the  life-status  of  a  plant,  with  the  mother  taking 
on  the  role  of the  earth,  at  least  at the  earliest  stages  of its  generation.2 As  a 
result,  these  thinkers  saw  the  same  causal  models  that  govern  the  gener­
ation  of  embryos  at  work  in  the  generation  of  plants.  Indeed,  Galen  even 
advises  those  who  wish  to  investigate  the  formation  of embryos  to  begin  by 
looking  into  the  generation  of  plants,  The  above-mentioned  analogy  is 
certainly  part  of  the  motivation  behind  Galen’s  counsel,  but  equally 
important  is  that  plants  are  simpler,  in  terms  of  both  their  physiology 
and  their  psychology,  and  thus  more  perspicuous  objects  of  study.  This  is 
what  gives  us  ‘hope  to  discover  among  the  plants  [biological]  adminis­
tration  in  its  pure  and  unadulterated  form’.*  What  is  surprising  is  the 
conception  of vegetative  generation  and  life  that  results  for  Neoplatonists. 
For,  as  I  shall  show  here,  they  ultimately  concluded  that  the  vegetative 
souls  of individual  plants  are  not  self-sufficient.  That  is  to  say,  the  depend­
ence of individual plants on the earth, in terms of both their generation and  their  preservation,  extends  beyond  mere  nutritive  needs  into  the 
psychological domain of their life activities. [pp.. 171 ff.]

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"913","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":913,"authors_free":[{"id":1346,"entry_id":913,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":257,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Wilberding, James","free_first_name":"James","free_last_name":"Wilberding","norm_person":{"id":257,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Wilberding","full_name":"Wilberding, James","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/143517465","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}},{"id":1347,"entry_id":913,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":47,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Marmodoro, Anna","free_first_name":"Anna","free_last_name":"Marmodoro","norm_person":{"id":47,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Marmodoro","full_name":"Marmodoro, Anna","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1043592326","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}},{"id":1348,"entry_id":913,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":48,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Prince, Brian","free_first_name":"Brian","free_last_name":"Prince","norm_person":{"id":48,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Prince","full_name":"Prince, Brian","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Neoplatonists on the causes of vegetative life","main_title":{"title":"Neoplatonists on the causes of vegetative life"},"abstract":"In the Neoplatonism of late antiquity there was an exciting and revolution\u00ad\r\nary development in the understanding of the aetiology involved in the \r\ngeneration of living things, and here it will be argued that this extended all \r\nthe way to the Neoplatonic understanding of the causes of vegetative life. \r\nIn a way, this should come as no surprise. Hippocratics, Aristotle and \r\nGalen had all viewed the processes involved in the generation of plants as \r\nanalogous to those in the generation of embryos.1 In fact, the embryo was \r\ncommonly held to have the life-status of a plant, with the mother taking \r\non the role of the earth, at least at the earliest stages of its generation.2 As a \r\nresult, these thinkers saw the same causal models that govern the gener\u00ad\r\nation of embryos at work in the generation of plants. Indeed, Galen even \r\nadvises those who wish to investigate the formation of embryos to begin by \r\nlooking into the generation of plants, The above-mentioned analogy is \r\ncertainly part of the motivation behind Galen\u2019s counsel, but equally \r\nimportant is that plants are simpler, in terms of both their physiology \r\nand their psychology, and thus more perspicuous objects of study. This is \r\nwhat gives us \u2018hope to discover among the plants [biological] adminis\u00ad\r\ntration in its pure and unadulterated form\u2019.* What is surprising is the \r\nconception of vegetative generation and life that results for Neoplatonists. \r\nFor, as I shall show here, they ultimately concluded that the vegetative \r\nsouls of individual plants are not self-sufficient. That is to say, the depend\u00ad\r\nence of individual plants on the earth, in terms of both their generation and their preservation, extends beyond mere nutritive needs into the \r\npsychological domain of their life activities. [pp.. 171 ff.]","btype":2,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/fBNwO9EAEaa6zJT","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":257,"full_name":"Wilberding, James","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":47,"full_name":"Marmodoro, Anna","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":48,"full_name":"Prince, Brian","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":913,"section_of":155,"pages":"171-185","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":155,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Causation and Creation in Late Antiquity","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Marmodoro\/Prince2015","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2015","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2015","abstract":"Written by a group of leading scholars, this unique collection of essays investigates the views of both pagan and Christian philosophers on causation and the creation of the cosmos. Structured in two parts, the volume first looks at divine agency and how late antique thinkers, including the Stoics, Plotinus, Porphyry, Simplicius, Philoponus and Gregory of Nyssa, tackled questions such as: is the cosmos eternal? Did it come from nothing or from something pre-existing? How was it caused to come into existence? Is it material or immaterial? The second part looks at questions concerning human agency and responsibility, including the problem of evil and the nature of will, considering thinkers such as Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus and Augustine. Highlighting some of the most important and interesting aspects of these philosophical debates, the volume will be of great interest to upper-level students and scholars of philosophy, classics, theology and ancient history.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/kmaeEwrlY6zOmkp","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":155,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Neoplatonists on the causes of vegetative life"]}

Neue Forschungen zum Neuplatonismus (1995-2003). Teil II, 2004
By: Steel, Carlos, Helmig, Christoph
Title Neue Forschungen zum Neuplatonismus (1995-2003). Teil II
Type Article
Language German
Date 2004
Journal Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Philosophie
Volume 29
Pages 225-247
Categories no categories
Author(s) Steel, Carlos , Helmig, Christoph
Editor(s)
Translator(s) 

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
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                                 Neue Fragmente aus ΠΕΡΙ ΤΑΓΑΘΟΥ, 1941

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Wilpert, Paul                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Neue Fragmente aus ΠΕΡΙ ΤΑΓΑΘΟΥ
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    German
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        1941
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Hermes
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            76
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Issue
                                                            3
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Pages
                                                            225-250
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Wilpert, Paul 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Translator(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        


                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"426","_score":null,"_source":{"id":426,"authors_free":[{"id":572,"entry_id":426,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":362,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Wilpert, Paul","free_first_name":"Paul","free_last_name":"Wilpert","norm_person":{"id":362,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Wilpert","full_name":"Wilpert, Paul","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/11739629X","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Neue Fragmente aus \u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399 \u03a4\u0391\u0393\u0391\u0398\u039f\u03a5","main_title":{"title":"Neue Fragmente aus \u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399 \u03a4\u0391\u0393\u0391\u0398\u039f\u03a5"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1941","language":"German","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/dKvVqb4uOVur2ah","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":362,"full_name":"Wilpert, Paul","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":426,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Hermes","volume":"76","issue":"3","pages":"225-250"}},"sort":["Neue Fragmente aus \u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399 \u03a4\u0391\u0393\u0391\u0398\u039f\u03a5"]}

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                                    

                        
                            


                                 Nicolas, l'auteur du Sommaire de la philosophie d'Aristote : doutes sur son identité, sa datation, son origine, 2008

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Fazzo, Silvia                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Nicolas, l'auteur du Sommaire de la philosophie d'Aristote : doutes sur son identité, sa datation, son origine
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    French
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        2008
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Revue des Études Grecques 
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            121
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Issue
                                                            1
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Pages
                                                            99-126
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fazzo, Silvia 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Translator(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        


                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    
The paper discusses the attribution of the compendium De Philosophia Aristotelis to Nicolaus of Damascus the general historian (fl.: end 1st c. BC). By contrast, there are reasons to believe that the work was written by a Peripatetic Nicolaus between the 3rd and the 6th century, most likely from Syria in the 4th c. AD. Among the consequences: one piece of evidence for interest in a wide range of Aristotle's works already in the 1st century BC-lst century AD is removed; the supposedly earliest evidence for Metaphysics as the title of Aristotle's work is moved to a later date; the idea that Peripatetic activity more or less ceased with Alexander, Thémistius being the only exception, is weakened by another counter-example. On the contrary, a distinctively Peripatetic culture must have been still alive in Themistius' and Nicolas' time, when special tools were produced both for teaching activity and for the transmission of Aristotle's philosophy to later eras. [Author’s abstract]

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
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                                 Nicéphore Blemmyde lecteur du commentaire de Simplicius à la Physique d’Aristote, 2007

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Golitsis, Pantelis,                                                                                                                                                                                 D'Ancona Costa, Cristina (Ed.)                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    
                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    
This article by Pantélis Golitsis examines the work of Byzantine philosopher Nicéphore Blemmyde (1197-1272), specifically his Epitome Isagogique on Aristotle's Physics. Although not a strict commentary, Blemmyde's work draws heavily from earlier commentaries, particularly Simplicius' commentary on the Physics. Golitsis explores the relationship between Blemmyde's Epitome and Simplicius' commentary, focusing on the philosophical borrowings and the role of Blemmyde's work as an indirect source for the tradition of Simplicius' commentary. The article begins by providing background on the popularity and influence of Simplicius' commentary among Byzantine scholars before delving into the specifics of Blemmyde's Epitome. [introduction/conclusion]

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
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                                 Nikostratos der Platoniker, 1922

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Praechter, Karl                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Nikostratos der Platoniker
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    German
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        1922
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Hermes
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            57
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Issue
                                                            4
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Pages
                                                            481-517
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Praechter, Karl 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Translator(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        


                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    
Als  Beitrag  zur  Vor-  und  Entwicklungsgeschichte  des  Neu­
platonismus  auf  einem  Teilgebiet  seiner  Lehre  möchte  [...] die 
vorliegende  Untersuchung  betrachtet  werden. Ich  selbst  habe  zu 
zeigen  versucht,  daß  der  alexandrinische  Neuplatonismus  keines­
wegs  die  Linie  Plotin-Porphyrios-Iamblich  fortsetzt,  sondern  an ein 
früheres  Stadium  platonischer  Lehrentwicklung  anschließt. [pp. 516 f.]

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"775","_score":null,"_source":{"id":775,"authors_free":[{"id":1139,"entry_id":775,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":293,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Praechter, Karl","free_first_name":"Karl","free_last_name":"Praechter","norm_person":{"id":293,"first_name":"Karl","last_name":"Praechter","full_name":"Praechter, Karl","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/116278609","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Nikostratos der Platoniker","main_title":{"title":"Nikostratos der Platoniker"},"abstract":"Als  Beitrag  zur  Vor-  und  Entwicklungsgeschichte  des  Neu\u00ad\r\nplatonismus  auf  einem  Teilgebiet  seiner  Lehre  m\u00f6chte  [...] die \r\nvorliegende  Untersuchung  betrachtet  werden. Ich  selbst  habe  zu \r\nzeigen  versucht,  da\u00df  der  alexandrinische  Neuplatonismus  keines\u00ad\r\nwegs  die  Linie  Plotin-Porphyrios-Iamblich  fortsetzt,  sondern  an ein \r\nfr\u00fcheres  Stadium  platonischer  Lehrentwicklung  anschlie\u00dft. [pp. 516 f.]","btype":3,"date":"1922","language":"German","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/viSBRYmv6qSxA3q","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":293,"full_name":"Praechter, Karl","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":775,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Hermes","volume":"57","issue":"4","pages":"481-517"}},"sort":["Nikostratos der Platoniker"]}

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                                    

                        
                            


                                 Note sulla chiusura della Scuola neoplatonica di Atene, 2002

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Napoli, Valerio                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Note sulla chiusura della Scuola neoplatonica di Atene
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    Italian
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        2002
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Schede Medievali
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            42
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                            Pages
                                                            53-95
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Napoli, Valerio 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

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                                 Note sur les observations astronomiques envoyées, dit-on, de Babylone en Grèce, par Callisthène, sur la demande d'Aristote, 1862

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Martin, Thomas Henri                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Note sur les observations astronomiques envoyées, dit-on, de Babylone en Grèce, par Callisthène, sur la demande d'Aristote
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    French
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        1862
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Revue Archéologique, Nouvelle  Série
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            5
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                            Pages
                                                            243-246
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Martin, Thomas Henri 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

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{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"905","_score":null,"_source":{"id":905,"authors_free":[{"id":2071,"entry_id":905,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":240,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Martin, Thomas Henri","free_first_name":"Thomas Henri","free_last_name":"Martin","norm_person":{"id":240,"first_name":"Thomas Henri","last_name":"Martin","full_name":"Martin, Thomas Henri","short_ident":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/120769840","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Note sur les observations astronomiques envoy\u00e9es, dit-on, de Babylone en Gr\u00e8ce, par Callisth\u00e8ne, sur la demande d'Aristote","main_title":{"title":"Note sur les observations astronomiques envoy\u00e9es, dit-on, de Babylone en Gr\u00e8ce, par Callisth\u00e8ne, sur la demande d'Aristote"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"1862","language":"French","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/SMFQxy4E7a755qI","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":240,"full_name":"Martin, Thomas Henri","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":905,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Revue Arch\u00e9ologique, Nouvelle  S\u00e9rie","volume":"5","issue":"","pages":"243-246"}},"sort":["Note sur les observations astronomiques envoy\u00e9es, dit-on, de Babylone en Gr\u00e8ce, par Callisth\u00e8ne, sur la demande d'Aristote"]}

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                                    

                        
                            


                                 Notes sur la tradition indirecte du 'de Caelo' d'Aristote, 1954

                                                                        By:
                                                                                                                                    Moraux, Paul                                                                                                                        

                            

                        

                            

                                

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    Title
                                                    Notes sur la tradition indirecte du 'de Caelo' d'Aristote
                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Type
                                                    Article
                                                

                                                

                                                    Language
                                                    French
                                                

                                                                                                    

                                                        Date
                                                        1954
                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                            Journal
                                                            Hermes
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Volume
                                                            82
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Issue
                                                            2
                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                            Pages
                                                            145-182
                                                        

                                                    
                                                                                                
                                                
                                                

                                                    Categories
                                                    
                                                                                                                    no categories
                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                                

                                                    Author(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Moraux, Paul 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Editor(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                

                                                    Translator(s)
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        


                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                
                                                

                                                    
This text discusses the limited knowledge of the history of Aristotle's text, De caelo, due to the large number of Greek manuscripts and translations in various languages. The author focuses on the indirect tradition of the text, which includes summaries, paraphrases, and extracts by ancient commentators such as Alexander of Aphrodisias, Proclus, Philoponus, and Simplicius. The author compares this indirect tradition to the direct tradition and notes the difficulties in reconstructing the original text due to the multiple manuscript variants resulting from the philological activities of ancient commentators and scribes. The author's aim is to offer a modest contribution to the study of the text's transmission history. [introduction]

                                                

                                                
                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    
                                    

                                        
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