Recherches sur le néoplatonisme après Plotin, 1990
By: Saffrey, Henri Dominique
Title Recherches sur le néoplatonisme après Plotin
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 1990
Publication Place Paris
Publisher Vrin
Series Histoire des doctrines de l’antiquité classique
Categories no categories
Author(s) Saffrey, Henri Dominique
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Les paysages reliques. Routes et haltes syriennes d'Isidore à Simplicius, 1990
By: Tardieu, Michel
Title Les paysages reliques. Routes et haltes syriennes d'Isidore à Simplicius
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 1990
Publication Place Louvain
Publisher Peeters
Series Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses
Volume 94
Categories no categories
Author(s) Tardieu, Michel
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Studies in the Historiography of Greek Philosophy, 1990
By: Mansfeld, Jaap
Title Studies in the Historiography of Greek Philosophy
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1990
Publication Place Assen – Maastricht
Publisher Van Gorcum
Categories no categories
Author(s) Mansfeld, Jaap
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
The collection of nineteen articles in Jaap Mansfeld’s Studies in Early Greek Philosophy span the period from Anaximander to Socrates. Solutions to problems of interpretation are offered through a scrutiny of the sources, and also of the traditions of presentation and reception found in antiquity. Excursions in the history of scholarship help to diagnose discussions of which the primum movens may have been forgotten. General questions are treated, for instance the phenomenon of detheologization in doxographical texts, while problems relating to individual philosophers are also discussed. For example, the history of Anaximander’s cosmos, the status of Parmenides’ human world, and the reliability of what we know about the soul of Anaximenes, and of what Philoponus tells us about the behaviour of Democritus’ atoms. [offical abstract]

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Pythagoras Revived: Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity, 1989
By: Dominic J., O'Meara
Title Pythagoras Revived: Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1989
Publication Place Oxford
Publisher Clarendon Press
Categories no categories
Author(s) Dominic J., O'Meara
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
The Pythagorean idea that number is the key to understanding reality inspired Neoplatonist philosophers in Late Antiquity to develop theories in physics and metaphysics based on mathematical models. This book examines this theme, describing first the Pythagorean interests of Platonists in the second and third centuries and then Iamblichus's programme to Pythagoreanize Platonism in the fourth century in his work On Pythagoreanism (whose unity of conception is shown and parts of which are reconstructed for the first time). The impact of Iamblichus's programme is examined as regards Hierocles of Alexandria and Syrianus and Proclus in Athens: their conceptions of the figure of Pythagoras and of mathematics and its relation to physics and metaphysics are examined and compared with those of Iamblichus. This provides insight into Iamblichus's contribution to the evolution of Neoplatonism, to the revival of interest in mathematics, and to the development of a philosophy of mathematics and a mathematizing physics and metaphysics. [author's abstract]

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Simplicius, On Aristotle ‘Physics 6’, 1989
By: Konstan, David (Ed.), Simplicius
Title Simplicius, On Aristotle ‘Physics 6’
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1989
Publication Place London
Publisher Duckworth
Series Ancient Commentators on Aristotle
Categories no categories
Author(s) Simplicius
Editor(s) Konstan, David
Translator(s) Konstan, David(Konstan, David) ,
Book Six of Aristotle's Physics, which concerns the continuum, shows Aristotle at his best. It contains his attack on atomism which forced subsequent Greek and Islamic atomists to reshape their views entirely. It also elaborates Zeno's paradoxes of motion and the famous paradoxes of stopping and starting. This is the first translation into any modern language of Simplicius' commentary on Book Six. Simplicius, the greatest ancient authority on Aristotle's Physics whose works have survived to the present, lived in the sixth century A.D. He produced detailed commentaries on several of Aristotle's works. Those on the Physics, which alone come to over 1300 pages in the original Greek, preserve not only a centuries-old tradition of ancient scholarship on Aristotle but also fragments of lost works by other thinkers, including both the Presocratic philosophers and such Aristotalians as Eudemus, Theophrastus and Alexander. The Physics contains some of Aristotle's best and most enduring work, and Simplicius' commentaries are essential to an understanding of it. This volume makes the commentary on Book Six accessible at last to all scholars, whether or not they know classical Greek. It will be indispensible for students of classical philosophy, and especially of Aristotle, as well as for those interested in philosophical thought of late antiquity. It will also be welcomed by students of the history of ideas and philosophers interested in problem mathematics and motion. [offical abstract]

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Plutarco di Atene. L’Uno, l’Anima, le Forme, 1989
By: Taormina, Daniela
Title Plutarco di Atene. L’Uno, l’Anima, le Forme
Type Monograph
Language Italian
Date 1989
Publication Place Rom
Publisher Università di Catania, Catania und L’Erma di Bretschneider
Categories no categories
Author(s) Taormina, Daniela
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Questo volume ottavo della Collana "Symbolon" è frutto di lunga e intelligente fatica di ricerca e di studio da parte di una delle mie più valenti allieve e collaboratrici, la dott. D. P. Taormina, che ha il merito di avere fornito, con i risultati di questo suo lavoro, la prima monografia completa, corredata dalla raccolta delle fonti mai prima d'ora compiuta (testo, traduzione e ampio commento), su uno dei più decisivi, ancorché poco studiati, anelli di collegamento tra il primo e l'ultimo neoplatonismo, ovverossia tra l'eredità immediata di Plotino e l'esplosione dell'attività speculativa più matura e sistematica della filosofia neoplatonica. Alla fine del IV secolo d. C., quando il pensiero cristiano era ormai divenuto adulto ad opera di pensatori quali Origene, Mario Vittorino e Agostino (tutti debitori del platonismo e del neoplatonismo), si ebbe ad Atene, nella vecchia e gloriosa culla della civiltà antica, una rinascita della tradizione platonica ad opera di un pensatore destinato a divenire maestro degli ultimi maestri di platonismo dell'antichità. Plutarco di Atene, finora considerato piu un termine di continuità storica che un caposaldo dello sviluppo del pensiero neoplatonico, esce dalla ricerca della Taormina in tutta la sua dimensione teoretica di esegeta e filosofo che ha contribuito a preparare (assieme al suo più famoso primo discepolo, Siriano) le fondamenta piu solide dell'ultima sistemazione del platonismo (Proclo e Damscio)... [offical abstract]

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"247","_score":null,"_source":{"id":247,"authors_free":[{"id":1941,"entry_id":247,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":431,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Taormina, Daniela","free_first_name":"Daniela","free_last_name":"Taormina","norm_person":{"id":431,"first_name":"Daniela Patrizia","last_name":"Taormina","full_name":"Taormina, Daniela Patrizia","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1113305185","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Plutarco di Atene. L\u2019Uno, l\u2019Anima, le Forme","main_title":{"title":"Plutarco di Atene. L\u2019Uno, l\u2019Anima, le Forme"},"abstract":"Questo volume ottavo della Collana \"Symbolon\" \u00e8 frutto di lunga e intelligente fatica di ricerca e di studio da parte di una delle mie pi\u00f9 valenti allieve e collaboratrici, la dott. D. P. Taormina, che ha il merito di avere fornito, con i risultati di questo suo lavoro, la prima monografia completa, corredata dalla raccolta delle fonti mai prima d'ora compiuta (testo, traduzione e ampio commento), su uno dei pi\u00f9 decisivi, ancorch\u00e9 poco studiati, anelli di collegamento tra il primo e l'ultimo neoplatonismo, ovverossia tra l'eredit\u00e0 immediata di Plotino e l'esplosione dell'attivit\u00e0 speculativa pi\u00f9 matura e sistematica della filosofia neoplatonica. Alla fine del IV secolo d. C., quando il pensiero cristiano era ormai divenuto adulto ad opera di pensatori quali Origene, Mario Vittorino e Agostino (tutti debitori del platonismo e del neoplatonismo), si ebbe ad Atene, nella vecchia e gloriosa culla della civilt\u00e0 antica, una rinascita della tradizione platonica ad opera di un pensatore destinato a divenire maestro degli ultimi maestri di platonismo dell'antichit\u00e0. Plutarco di Atene, finora considerato piu un termine di continuit\u00e0 storica che un caposaldo dello sviluppo del pensiero neoplatonico, esce dalla ricerca della Taormina in tutta la sua dimensione teoretica di esegeta e filosofo che ha contribuito a preparare (assieme al suo pi\u00f9 famoso primo discepolo, Siriano) le fondamenta piu solide dell'ultima sistemazione del platonismo (Proclo e Damscio)... [offical abstract]","btype":1,"date":"1989","language":"Italian","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/aXQUa3pSMwL9r98","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":431,"full_name":"Taormina, Daniela Patrizia","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":{"id":247,"pubplace":"Rom","publisher":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Catania und L\u2019Erma di Bretschneider","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[1989]}

John Philoponus' criticism of Aristotle's theory of aether, 1988
By: Wildberg, Christian
Title John Philoponus' criticism of Aristotle's theory of aether
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1988
Publication Place Berlin – New York
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Peripatoi
Volume 16
Categories no categories
Author(s) Wildberg, Christian
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Matter, Space, and Motion. Theories in Antiquity and Their Sequel, 1988
By: Sorabji, Richard
Title Matter, Space, and Motion. Theories in Antiquity and Their Sequel
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1988
Publication Place London
Publisher Duckworth
Categories no categories
Author(s) Sorabji, Richard
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
The nature of matter was as intriguing a question for ancient philosophers as it is for contemporary physicists, and Matter, Space, and Motion presents a fresh and illuminating account of the rich legacy of the physical theories of the Greeks from the fifth century B.C. to the late sixth century A.D. [a.a]

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The Physical World of Late Antiquity, 1987
By: Sambursky, Samuel
Title The Physical World of Late Antiquity
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1987
Publication Place Princeton
Publisher Princeton University Press
Categories no categories
Author(s) Sambursky, Samuel
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Sambursky describes the development of scientific conceptions and theories in the centuries following Aristotle until the close of antiquity in the sixth century A. D. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. [a.a.]

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Philoponus: Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World, 1987
By: Philoponos, Johannes,
Title Philoponus: Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1987
Publication Place London
Publisher Duckworth
Series Ancient Commentators on Aristotle
Categories no categories
Author(s) Philoponos, Johannes
Editor(s)
Translator(s) Wildberg, Christian(Wildberg, Christian) .
Philoponus' treatise Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World, an attack on Aristotle's astronomy and theology is concerned mainly with the eternity and divinity of the fifth element, or 'quintessence', of which Aristotle took the stars to be composed. Pagans and Christians were divided on whether the world had a beginning, and on whether a belief that the heavens were divine was a mark of religion. Philoponus claimed on behalf of Christianity that the universe was not eternal. His most spectacular arguments, where wrung paradox out of the pagan belief in an infinite past, have been wrongly credited by historians of science to a period 700 years later. The treatise was to influence Islamic, Jewish, Byzantine and Latin thought, though the fifth element was defended against Philoponus even beyond the time of Copernicus. The influence of the treatise was not easy to trace before the fragments were assembled. Dr. Wildberg has brought them together for the first time and provided a summary which makes coherent sense of the whole. He has also studied a Syriac fragment, which reveals that the treatise originally contained an explicitly theological section on the Christian expectation of a new heaven and a new earth. [Author’s abstract]

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  • PAGE 1 OF 3
Alexander of Aphrodisias on Stoic Physics. A study of the De mixtione with Preliminary Essays, Text, Translation and Commentary, 1976
By: Todd, Robert B.
Title Alexander of Aphrodisias on Stoic Physics. A study of the De mixtione with Preliminary Essays, Text, Translation and Commentary
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1976
Publication Place Leiden
Publisher Brill
Series Philosophia antiqua
Volume 28
Categories no categories
Author(s) Todd, Robert B.
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
The importance of  Alexander of  Aphrodisias in the Aristotelian 
tradition in Western  philosophy is  well  established.  This reputa›
tion however rests almost exclusively on his very influential inter›
pretation of Aristotle’s doctrine of the active intellect. The subject 
of the present study, the de mixtione, is a treatise in which he deals 
with  the  philosophically  less  important  topic  of  the  mixture  of 
physical bodies.  My  aim is  to show that both as  an exposition of 
Aristotelian thought and as an extended discussion of Stoic physics 
it offers  an excellent  opportunity to observe  the development  of 
Peripatetic scholasticism  in the face  of  ideas  developed  in post›
Aristotelian  philosophy.  In this  way  I  shall  try to establish  the 
largely unacknowledged importance of Alexander’s contribution to 
the Greek philosophical tradition. 
Alexander  is  still  unfortunately  a  relatively  obscure  author 
and so I  have devoted Part One of this study to a basic description 
of  his works and a  preliminary attempt to place him in his intel›
lectual milieu. His philosophical creativity, as this essay will show, 
has  greater  rein  in  his  short  treatises  than  in  his  monumental 
commentaries, and it is from these works that his relation to other 
philosophical  schools  can  best  be  gauged.  Like  his  de  Jato  the 
de  mixtione is basically an attack on the Stoics, but it also contains 
a  great  deal  of  important source  material and some  constructive 
criticisms of Stoic physics. Much of this I shall evaluate in a com›
mentary in Part Three,  but these  aspects  of  the work  must also 
be seen  in the light of  similar contributions by our other sources 
for  Stoic  physics  as  well  as  Alexander’s  own  overall  relation  to 
Stoicism.  For this reason in Part Two  I  survey the latter before 
undertaking  an  extended  examination  of  Alexander’s  exposition 
and critique of  the Stoic theory of total blending (xpiia~<;  8~’  lSAwv), the main subject of the de  mixtione. [preface]

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Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici Elenchi. A study of Post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies. Vol. 1 The Greek Tradition, 1981
By: Ebbesen, S
Title Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici Elenchi. A study of Post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies. Vol. 1 The Greek Tradition
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1981
Publication Place Leiden
Publisher Brill
Categories no categories
Author(s) Ebbesen, S
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
About thirteen years ago when I was preparing an edition of some Latin 13th century quaestiones on the Sophistici Elenchi, I discovered some puzzling references to a commentary
by "Alexander", obviously a Greek. He appeared to have been a very important man to the
Westerners, for often he was simply called 'Commentator', a title reserved in other contexts for Averroes.
This discovery gave rise to the questions,(!) Who was Alexander? (2) Are there more references to him in other Latin texts? (3) Is his work extant in Latin? (4) Is it extant in Greek?
Re 1 At first I thought he must be Alexander of Aphrodisias. Now I do not know how to answer the question.
Re 2 I soon found that Minio-Paluello and De Rijk had already signalled some other references to Alexander.
Re 3 My first investigations indicated the answer would be no, and I still have not found the text in any manuscript. 
Re 4 My early research indicated the answer would be no, but that extant Greek scholia were often comparable to the Latin quotations of Alexander.
The preliminary probings suggested that a search for more Latin references to Alexander and an inquiry into the Greek scholia on the Elenchi might throw light on the origins of Western scholasticism and at the same time prove the existence of a Byzantine scholasticism comparable to that of Western Europe in the High Middle Ages. A systematic search for more fragments of the Latin translation of Alexanders's commentary resulted in the collection that figures as Vol. II, Part 2, of this study.
Studying the Greek scholia I soon realized that they could not be used for any serious purpose as long as elementary questions of dating and attribution had not been solved. Trying to find the answer to such questions, I found that investigating the whole manuscript tradition
was inescapable. The results of that investigation are presented in Vol. 1 chapter V and the appendices (in Vol. III).
Reading the Greek scholia I became convinced that Byzantine scholasticism never produced results comparable to those of its Western counterpart; but, on the other hand, a study of the late ancient and medieval Greek scholastic tradition could, indeed, throw light on the
origins of Western logic.
The results of my investigations are presented partly in the notes on "Alexander's" fragments (in Vol. Ill), partly in a series of essays on central problems (Vol. I ch.IV).
Vol. I chapters I-II contain sketches of pre-scholastic theories of fallacies, some of which were to influence the scholastics, whereas chapter III introduces scholasticism.
As both Vol. I and Vol. III discuss Greek texts that have never been printed, I have collected a number of such texts in Vol. II, editing also Galen's De captionibus because the earlier editions are no longer satisfactory.
Chapters I through W of Vol. I all have a speculative character. I have tried to rein in my imagination, but I may not always have achieved my aim. I feel sure I have misunderstood the old philosophers on several points. Perhaps it can serve as an excuse that most of the problems I deal with have not been investigated before. If there are fundamental errors in chapter V, the consequences for the rest of 'Commentators and Commentaries' will be serious, if not disastrous. I trust, however, that my results concerning the Byzantine tradition are
essentially correct. [preface]

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"34","_score":null,"_source":{"id":34,"authors_free":[{"id":40,"entry_id":34,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Ebbesen, S","free_first_name":"S","free_last_name":"Ebbesen","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici Elenchi. A study of Post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies. Vol. 1 The Greek Tradition","main_title":{"title":"Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici Elenchi. A study of Post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies. Vol. 1 The Greek Tradition"},"abstract":"About thirteen years ago when I was preparing an edition of some Latin 13th century quaestiones on the Sophistici Elenchi, I discovered some puzzling references to a commentary\r\nby \"Alexander\", obviously a Greek. He appeared to have been a very important man to the\r\nWesterners, for often he was simply called 'Commentator', a title reserved in other contexts for Averroes.\r\nThis discovery gave rise to the questions,(!) Who was Alexander? (2) Are there more references to him in other Latin texts? (3) Is his work extant in Latin? (4) Is it extant in Greek?\r\nRe 1 At first I thought he must be Alexander of Aphrodisias. Now I do not know how to answer the question.\r\nRe 2 I soon found that Minio-Paluello and De Rijk had already signalled some other references to Alexander.\r\nRe 3 My first investigations indicated the answer would be no, and I still have not found the text in any manuscript. \r\nRe 4 My early research indicated the answer would be no, but that extant Greek scholia were often comparable to the Latin quotations of Alexander.\r\nThe preliminary probings suggested that a search for more Latin references to Alexander and an inquiry into the Greek scholia on the Elenchi might throw light on the origins of Western scholasticism and at the same time prove the existence of a Byzantine scholasticism comparable to that of Western Europe in the High Middle Ages. A systematic search for more fragments of the Latin translation of Alexanders's commentary resulted in the collection that figures as Vol. II, Part 2, of this study.\r\nStudying the Greek scholia I soon realized that they could not be used for any serious purpose as long as elementary questions of dating and attribution had not been solved. Trying to find the answer to such questions, I found that investigating the whole manuscript tradition\r\nwas inescapable. The results of that investigation are presented in Vol. 1 chapter V and the appendices (in Vol. III).\r\nReading the Greek scholia I became convinced that Byzantine scholasticism never produced results comparable to those of its Western counterpart; but, on the other hand, a study of the late ancient and medieval Greek scholastic tradition could, indeed, throw light on the\r\norigins of Western logic.\r\nThe results of my investigations are presented partly in the notes on \"Alexander's\" fragments (in Vol. Ill), partly in a series of essays on central problems (Vol. I ch.IV).\r\nVol. I chapters I-II contain sketches of pre-scholastic theories of fallacies, some of which were to influence the scholastics, whereas chapter III introduces scholasticism.\r\nAs both Vol. I and Vol. III discuss Greek texts that have never been printed, I have collected a number of such texts in Vol. II, editing also Galen's De captionibus because the earlier editions are no longer satisfactory.\r\nChapters I through W of Vol. I all have a speculative character. I have tried to rein in my imagination, but I may not always have achieved my aim. I feel sure I have misunderstood the old philosophers on several points. Perhaps it can serve as an excuse that most of the problems I deal with have not been investigated before. If there are fundamental errors in chapter V, the consequences for the rest of 'Commentators and Commentaries' will be serious, if not disastrous. I trust, however, that my results concerning the Byzantine tradition are\r\nessentially correct. [preface]\r\n","btype":1,"date":"1981","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/gtXiqKQ2uGtS14q","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[],"book":{"id":34,"pubplace":"Leiden","publisher":"Brill","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":["Commentators and commentaries on Aristotle's Sophistici Elenchi. A study of Post-Aristotelian ancient and medieval writings on fallacies. Vol. 1 The Greek Tradition"]}

Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 1: Die Renaissance des Aristotelismus im I. Jh. v. Chr., 1973
By: Moraux, Paul
Title Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 1: Die Renaissance des Aristotelismus im I. Jh. v. Chr.
Type Monograph
Language German
Date 1973
Publication Place Berlin – New York
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Peripatoi
Volume 5
Categories no categories
Author(s) Moraux, Paul
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 2: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh. n.Chr., 1984
By: Moraux, Paul
Title Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 2: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh. n.Chr.
Type Monograph
Language German
Date 1984
Publication Place Berlin – New York
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Peripatoi
Volume 6
Categories no categories
Author(s) Moraux, Paul
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Durch seine Tendenzen und seine Leistungen unterscheidet sich der Aristotelismus der beiden ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderte kaum von dem der zweiten Hälfte des ersten Jahrhunderts v. Chr. In der hier behandelten frühen Kaiserzeit lassen sich keine neuen Merkmale beobachten, die eine scharfe Trennung zwischen diesen beiden Jahrhunderten und dem vorhergehenden rechtfertigten. Vielmehr erscheint die Periode von Andronikos bis einschließlich Alexander von Aphrodisias als relativ einheitlich in ihrer Interpretation des Aristoteles. Sie unterscheidet sich vom neuplatonischen Aristotelesverständnis hauptsächlich dadurch, dass sie sich noch nicht zur grundsätzlichen Identität zwischen Aristoteles und Platon bekennt. Nur die Menge des Materials, das es zu untersuchen galt, hat mich gezwungen, die Darstellung dieser ganzen Periode auf drei Bände zu verteilen. [...]
In der zweiten Hälfte dieser Arbeit wollen wir uns mit dem Aristotelismus in der Sicht anderer Schulen befassen. Die Entlehnungen aus dem Aristotelismus bei einigen Mittelplatonikern, ferner die gegen Aristoteles gerichtete Kritik und schließlich die Auseinandersetzungen von Nicht-Aristotelikern mit Schriften des Stagiriten dürfen in einer Untersuchung über den Aristotelismus in den ersten beiden nachchristlichen Jahrhunderten nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Auch dort wird sich zeigen, wie in der Einleitung zum zweiten Buch ausführlicher dargelegt wird, dass etwa bei Platonikern das grundsätzliche Bekenntnis zum Platonismus oft Hand in Hand geht mit einem tatsächlichen Eklektizismus. Die Deutung Platons unter Benutzung typisch aristotelischer Errungenschaften erschien also als durchaus legitim. [preface]

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"65","_score":null,"_source":{"id":65,"authors_free":[{"id":73,"entry_id":65,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":137,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Moraux, Paul","free_first_name":"Paul","free_last_name":"Moraux","norm_person":{"id":137,"first_name":"Paul ","last_name":"Moraux","full_name":"Moraux, Paul ","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/117755591","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 2: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh. n.Chr.","main_title":{"title":"Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 2: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh. n.Chr."},"abstract":"Durch seine Tendenzen und seine Leistungen unterscheidet sich der Aristotelismus der beiden ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderte kaum von dem der zweiten H\u00e4lfte des ersten Jahrhunderts v. Chr. In der hier behandelten fr\u00fchen Kaiserzeit lassen sich keine neuen Merkmale beobachten, die eine scharfe Trennung zwischen diesen beiden Jahrhunderten und dem vorhergehenden rechtfertigten. Vielmehr erscheint die Periode von Andronikos bis einschlie\u00dflich Alexander von Aphrodisias als relativ einheitlich in ihrer Interpretation des Aristoteles. Sie unterscheidet sich vom neuplatonischen Aristotelesverst\u00e4ndnis haupts\u00e4chlich dadurch, dass sie sich noch nicht zur grunds\u00e4tzlichen Identit\u00e4t zwischen Aristoteles und Platon bekennt. Nur die Menge des Materials, das es zu untersuchen galt, hat mich gezwungen, die Darstellung dieser ganzen Periode auf drei B\u00e4nde zu verteilen. [...]\r\nIn der zweiten H\u00e4lfte dieser Arbeit wollen wir uns mit dem Aristotelismus in der Sicht anderer Schulen befassen. Die Entlehnungen aus dem Aristotelismus bei einigen Mittelplatonikern, ferner die gegen Aristoteles gerichtete Kritik und schlie\u00dflich die Auseinandersetzungen von Nicht-Aristotelikern mit Schriften des Stagiriten d\u00fcrfen in einer Untersuchung \u00fcber den Aristotelismus in den ersten beiden nachchristlichen Jahrhunderten nicht au\u00dfer Acht gelassen werden. Auch dort wird sich zeigen, wie in der Einleitung zum zweiten Buch ausf\u00fchrlicher dargelegt wird, dass etwa bei Platonikern das grunds\u00e4tzliche Bekenntnis zum Platonismus oft Hand in Hand geht mit einem tats\u00e4chlichen Eklektizismus. Die Deutung Platons unter Benutzung typisch aristotelischer Errungenschaften erschien also als durchaus legitim. [preface]","btype":1,"date":"1984","language":"German","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/nSxL9S7Z1RoD9mZ","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":137,"full_name":"Moraux, Paul ","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":{"id":65,"pubplace":"Berlin \u2013 New York","publisher":"de Gruyter","series":"Peripatoi","volume":"6","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":["Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen. Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias. Band 2: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh. n.Chr."]}

Diogène d'Apollonie: La dernière cosmologie présocratique, 1983
By: Laks, André
Title Diogène d'Apollonie: La dernière cosmologie présocratique
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 1983
Publication Place Sankt Augustin
Publisher Academia-Verlag
Series International pre-Platonic studies
Volume 6
Edition No. 2 (1st 1998)
Categories no categories
Author(s) Laks, André
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans la série des travaux que le Centre de Recherche Philosophique de l'Université de Lille III consacre à l'étude des cosmologies grecques. Après le système classique d'Empédocle et la réflexion critique d'Epicure à l'époque hellénistique, on s'intéresse ici à un penseur charnière, le dernier représentant de l' "ancienne physique".La notoriété de Diogène d'Apollonie est faible, au-delà du cercle restreint des spécialistes du Ve siècle grec. Ce tard venu n'a pas le renom d'Anaximandre ou d'Empédocle, ni celui de Démocrite, dont il est contemporain. Et pourtant, sa pensée n'est pas seulement l'ultime avatar d'une lignée dont il serait au fond indigne. Elle représente au contraire une forme d'achèvement, offrant une solution possible, dans le cadre du paradigme cosmologique hérité, au problème, laissé ouvert par le système d'Anaxagore, du mode d'action de "l'intellect" (νούς) dans le monde. La pertinence et la spécificité de la démarche, qui induit une doctrine de l'immanence, ressortent clairement quand on la confronte avec la célèbre critique d'Anaxagore menée par Socrate au nom de la téléologie dans le Phédon de Platon, et qui signe l'arrêt de mort de la spéculation présocratique. [a.a]

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"20","_score":null,"_source":{"id":20,"authors_free":[{"id":21,"entry_id":20,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":225,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Laks, Andr\u00e9","free_first_name":"Andr\u00e9","free_last_name":"Laks","norm_person":{"id":225,"first_name":"Andr\u00e9","last_name":"Laks","full_name":"Laks, Andr\u00e9","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/135869161","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Diog\u00e8ne d'Apollonie: La derni\u00e8re cosmologie pr\u00e9socratique","main_title":{"title":"Diog\u00e8ne d'Apollonie: La derni\u00e8re cosmologie pr\u00e9socratique"},"abstract":"Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans la s\u00e9rie des travaux que le Centre de Recherche Philosophique de l'Universit\u00e9 de Lille III consacre \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des cosmologies grecques. Apr\u00e8s le syst\u00e8me classique d'Emp\u00e9docle et la r\u00e9flexion critique d'Epicure \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque hell\u00e9nistique, on s'int\u00e9resse ici \u00e0 un penseur charni\u00e8re, le dernier repr\u00e9sentant de l' \"ancienne physique\".La notori\u00e9t\u00e9 de Diog\u00e8ne d'Apollonie est faible, au-del\u00e0 du cercle restreint des sp\u00e9cialistes du Ve si\u00e8cle grec. Ce tard venu n'a pas le renom d'Anaximandre ou d'Emp\u00e9docle, ni celui de D\u00e9mocrite, dont il est contemporain. Et pourtant, sa pens\u00e9e n'est pas seulement l'ultime avatar d'une lign\u00e9e dont il serait au fond indigne. Elle repr\u00e9sente au contraire une forme d'ach\u00e8vement, offrant une solution possible, dans le cadre du paradigme cosmologique h\u00e9rit\u00e9, au probl\u00e8me, laiss\u00e9 ouvert par le syst\u00e8me d'Anaxagore, du mode d'action de \"l'intellect\" (\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2) dans le monde. La pertinence et la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9marche, qui induit une doctrine de l'immanence, ressortent clairement quand on la confronte avec la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre critique d'Anaxagore men\u00e9e par Socrate au nom de la t\u00e9l\u00e9ologie dans le Ph\u00e9don de Platon, et qui signe l'arr\u00eat de mort de la sp\u00e9culation pr\u00e9socratique. [a.a]","btype":1,"date":"1983","language":"French","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/KVFpTS2HQXnKwpF","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":225,"full_name":"Laks, Andr\u00e9","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":{"id":20,"pubplace":"Sankt Augustin","publisher":"Academia-Verlag","series":"International pre-Platonic studies","volume":"6","edition_no":"2 (1st 1998)","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":["Diog\u00e8ne d'Apollonie: La derni\u00e8re cosmologie pr\u00e9socratique"]}

Fallgesetz und Massebegriff. Zwei wissenschaftshistorische Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie des Johannes Philoponus, 1971
By: Wolff, Michael
Title Fallgesetz und Massebegriff. Zwei wissenschaftshistorische Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie des Johannes Philoponus
Type Monograph
Language German
Date 1971
Publication Place Berlin
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie
Volume 2
Categories no categories
Author(s) Wolff, Michael
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Filologisch-Historische Navorsingen over de Middleeuwse En Humanistische Latijnse Vertalingen van Den Commentaren van Simplicius, Deel I: De Commentaren In Ench., In Phys., In Cat., In De Anima; Deel II: De Commentaar In De Caelo; Deel III: Teksten En Documenten (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Leuven), 1975
By: Bossier, Fernand
Title Filologisch-Historische Navorsingen over de Middleeuwse En Humanistische Latijnse Vertalingen van Den Commentaren van Simplicius, Deel I: De Commentaren In Ench., In Phys., In Cat., In De Anima; Deel II: De Commentaar In De Caelo; Deel III: Teksten En Documenten (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Leuven)
Type Monograph
Language Dutch
Date 1975
Categories no categories
Author(s) Bossier, Fernand
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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God Time Being: Two Studies in the Transcendental Tradition in Greek Philosophy, 1971
By: Whittaker, John H.
Title God Time Being: Two Studies in the Transcendental Tradition in Greek Philosophy
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1971
Publication Place Oslo
Publisher Universitetsforlaget
Series Symbolae Osloenses
Volume 23
Categories no categories
Author(s) Whittaker, John H.
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Es geht um die im Platonismus entwickelte Vorstellung einer Gottheit eigenen
zeitlosen, zeit3berlegenen Ewigkeit, die von Plotin aus (Enneaden III 7) die abend-
lindische Theologie und Mystik stark beeinfluf3t hat. Zugrunde liegt Platons
Spekulation 3ber Aion und Chronos, Timaios 73 c-38 c; ausformuliert ist die
These vom ewigen Jetzt fur unsere Kenntnis erstmals im mittleren Platonismus
(Plutarch, De E ap. Delph. 393 A-C). Doch hat sie der Neuplatonismus - sicher-
lich zu Unrecht - bereits in ein beruhmtes Parmenides-Fragment (8, 5 D.-Kr., wo
es vom Sein heift, dag ,alles jetzt zusammen ist", nach U. Hoelscher) hinein-
gelesen. Der Verf., der diese Oberlieferungsverhiltnisse klarend darlegt, unterzieht
das Fragment im ersten Teil seiner Arbeit einer scharfsinnigen, reich dokumen-
tierten Analyse. Dabei wird die Ansicht begrundet, dai3 die Texte unserer spht-
antiken Zeugen (Simplikios einerseits, die vier alexandrinischen Ausleger andrer-
seits) nicht iber jeden Zweifel erhaben sind. Es k6nnte sein, daf3 bei Simplikios
- dem die modernen Ausgaben zu folgen pflegen - eine neuplatonische Adaption
des parmenideischen Wortlauts vorliegt, so daf die uberlieferte Form von Parm.
8, 5 fur die Ermittlung der Lehre des grof3enEleaten ausscheiden muf3te - ein fur
die Vorsokratikerforschung recht erhebliches Ergebnis. - In einer zweiten Unter-
suchung geht der Verf. dem gleichen Motiv (,Gottes ewiges Heute': der Leser der
augustinischen Confessionen hat es aus dem grofartigen Lobpreis XI 13 in Erinne-
rung) bei Philon von Alexandria nach, wobei sich ein belehrender Einblick in die
platonistisdhe Tradition ergibt (verwunderlich, daf3 Clemens von Alexandria nach
Migne's Patrologie, Maximos von Tyros nach der alten Dibner'sdlen Ausgabe
zitiert werden). Auch aristotelische und stoische Einflusse werden gepruft. W. stellt
fest, daf3 die meisten Philonstellen, die man bisher im Sinn der neuplatonischen
Lehre von einer zeitüberlegenen Ewigkeit gedeutet hatte, anders zu erklaren
sind; eine Ausnahme scheint in einer allegorischen Auslegung des Alten Testaments
(zu Levit. 2, 14) vorzuliegen (de sacrif. 76). Es bleibt dabei, daf3 das weitreidiende
Thema in voller Klarheit erstmals in Plutarchs ob. gen. Dialog angesprochen wird;
er hangt sicher mit dem seit Ende des 1. Jh. v. Chr. wieder rege gewordenen
Studium des platonischen Timaios zusammen, welches in dem Kommentar des
Alexandriners Eudoros, eines pythagoreisierenden Platonikers, moglicherweiseeine
Quelle Plutarchs hervorgebracht hat (hier ware auf eine den Problemen des mitt-
leren Platonismus gewidmete Arbeit H. Dbrrie's hinzuweisen gewesen, in: Les
Sourdes de Plotin, Entresiens sur L'Antiquite Classique, t. V, 1957 193 it)." (Review, H. Strohm)

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John Philoponus' criticism of Aristotle's theory of aether, 1988
By: Wildberg, Christian
Title John Philoponus' criticism of Aristotle's theory of aether
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 1988
Publication Place Berlin – New York
Publisher de Gruyter
Series Peripatoi
Volume 16
Categories no categories
Author(s) Wildberg, Christian
Editor(s)
Translator(s)

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Le Problème du Néoplatonisme Alexandrin: Hiéroclès et Simplicius., 1978
By: Hadot, Ilsetraut
Title Le Problème du Néoplatonisme Alexandrin: Hiéroclès et Simplicius.
Type Monograph
Language French
Date 1978
Publication Place Paris
Publisher Études Augustiniennes
Categories no categories
Author(s) Hadot, Ilsetraut
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Review by Victor Goldschmidt: "La modestie de son titre ne révèle qu'imparfaitement l'objet et la portée de ce livre. Il s'agit en réalité de réformer l'idée traditionnelle qu'on se faisait de deux courants de la pensée antique. C'est entre le début du ve siècle de notre ère, en effet, jusqu'au début du viie que s'étend l'espace temporel où K. Praechter, suivi par tous les savants venus après lui, avait situé ce qu'il appelait « L'École alexandrine ». Ce mouvement se distinguerait fondamentalement de l'École d'Athènes, par son abandon partiel des constructions métaphysiques de Proclus et de ses élèves, par un retour au « moyen platonisme », par ses rapports de bon voisinage avec les milieux chrétiens, et représenterait « un lieu de culture philosophiquement neutre, sans credo platonico-païen », et plaçant l'étude d'Aristote au-dessus de celle de Platon. Les traits de cette École se verraient avec une particulière netteté dans le commentaire d'Hiéroclès sur les Vers Dorés attribués à Pythagore, et dans le commentaire que Simplicius, avant d'être entré en rapport avec l'École d'Athènes, a consacré au Manuel d'Épictète. Or c'est précisément en préparant une édition commentée du commentaire de Simplicius (à paraître dans la Collection G. Budé), que l'A. a rencontré « le problème du néoplatonisme alexandrin » ; la thèse traditionnelle lui a semblé alors insoutenable, pour des raisons tant historiques que de doctrine.
En bref, comme le dit l'auteur dans une formule remarquable, ce que l'on a pris pour un « néoplatonisme plus simple » est en réalité un « néoplatonisme simplifié », et même « fragmenté », et cela uniquement pour les besoins de l'enseignement. Il est montré, en effet, d'une façon convaincante, que les deux Commentaires, d'Hiéroclès et de Simplicius, relèvent de ce que nous appellerions une propédeutique, c'est-à-dire qu'ils s'adressent à des débutants qu'il s'agit d'initier dans la « première » partie de la philosophie, réputée la plus accessible, en l'espèce l'éthique. On sait que ce problème pédagogique s'est posé dès le début dans l'École stoïcienne et qu'il a été longuement discuté par les commentateurs d'Aristote, qui donnent toutefois, généralement, la première place à la logique. Le VIIe chapitre apporte une contribution importante à l'histoire de ce problème.
D'où l'on voit déjà que c'est en apparence seulement que le résultat de l'ouvrage est négatif. Sans doute s'agit-il surtout de réfuter la thèse de K. Praechter, renouvelée par A. Cameron et Ph. Merlan ; la Conclusion se termine sur cette affirmation qu'« il n'y a pas d'école néoplatonicienne d'Alexandrie dont les tendances doctrinales différeraient des tendances propres à l'école d'Athènes ». De fait, le livre contient une interprétation développée des fragments d'Hiéroclès conservés par Photius et, surtout, de son Commentaire sur les Vers Dorés, montrant l'accord de ces textes avec le néoplatonisme « athénien ». Ces exégèses sont conduites avec fermeté, appuyées sur une vaste information, et emportent la conviction, quoi qu'il en soit de tel ou tel point de détail. Quelques questions, d'ordre plus général, pourraient être pesées. — P. 37 : il est certain que le thème du « philosophe dans l'État corrompu » est un lieu commun et que le τειχίον, dans le texte de Simplicius est clairement une réminiscence de la République (VI, 496 c-d). Est-ce suffisant pour infirmer la thèse d'A. Cameron, qui voit dans ce texte une allusion à la place faite aux philosophes néoplatoniciens après l'édit de Justinien ? De telles citations, l'auteur en convient lui-même deux pages plus loin, n'excluent nullement un « intérêt personnel » et, plus généralement, la négation de principe de « remarques autobiographiques chez les auteurs antiques » (p. 39) est exagérée et même inexacte. — P. 128 : l'exposé de Chalcidius sur le Destin, qui est un texte canonique et qui au surplus avait servi à K. Praechter à caractériser le « moyen platonisme », méritait mieux qu'un bref résumé : il était bon de rappeler qu'il s'agit, à la suite d'ailleurs de Chrysippe, du commentaire d'un texte du Xe Livre de la République ; on ne peut pas, en l'espèce, parler de « l'implication mutuelle de la providence et de VHeimarménè », et la note 40 simplifie le problème de la liberté stoïcienne, qu'on n'était pas sans doute obligé de traiter, mais auquel il fallait laisser sa complexité de problème, précisément ; l'on ne saurait écrire, en tout état de cause, que « pour les choses qui sont faites par fatalité, leur contraire aurait pu aussi bien se faire », thèse qui ne semble avoir été soutenue que par le seul Cléanthe. — Le chapitre VII répond à la question, naguère posée par R. Walzer : « Comment peut-on expliquer le fait que Simplicius, en tant que platonicien, commente les maximes éthiques d'un stoïcien ? ». La réponse combine essentiellement deux considérations : l'apathie du sage stoïcien est déjà admise dans le traité de Plotin Sur les Vertus (I, ii) et le caractère sententieux du Manuel qui convient bien à des débutants. Sans doute, du point de vue historique, est-ce là tout ce qu'on peut alléguer. De fait, l'éthique plotinienne ne se résume pas à l'idéal d'apathie et le genre gnomologique qu'on peut faire remonter aux Sept Sages avait trouvé bien d'autres illustrations, ne serait-ce que, comme l'auteur le rappelle avec raison, chez les Pythagoriciens. On se demandera plutôt si, de la part de Simplicius, le choix du Manuel ne s'explique pas plus simplement par l'attrait extraordinaire que ce petit livre a exercé de tout temps sur les lecteurs, et cela en dehors de toute appartenance à telle ou telle secte.
Une dernière question, enfin. On doit considérer que Mme Hadot a établi son propos, et que l'on ne parlera plus d'une « école alexandrine », opposée à celle d'Athènes et différenciée de celle-ci selon les traits que Praechter avait cru pouvoir constater. Il reste qu'il y a eu, dans la période en question, des néoplatoniciens vivant et enseignant à Alexandrie. Même en admettant leur « orthodoxie » foncière, ces hommes (sans parler d'Hypatie qui a subi pour la philosophie un martyre qui lui eût été épargné à Athènes) ne présentent-ils pas quelques caractères communs : rien que leur environnement culturel le ferait conjecturer. Mais ce serait là l'objet d'une autre recherche, complémentaire de celle-ci.
En attendant, on saura gré à l'auteur de cet ouvrage doublement précieux : par ses résultats intrinsèques, et en tant qu'introduction à son édition à paraître d'un texte jusqu'à présent fort peu étudié."

{"_index":"sire","_type":"_doc","_id":"180","_score":null,"_source":{"id":180,"authors_free":[{"id":236,"entry_id":180,"agent_type":null,"is_normalised":null,"person_id":4,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Hadot, Ilsetraut","free_first_name":"Ilsetraut","free_last_name":"Hadot","norm_person":{"id":4,"first_name":"Ilsetraut","last_name":"Hadot","full_name":"Hadot, Ilsetraut","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/107415011","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Le Probl\u00e8me du N\u00e9oplatonisme Alexandrin: Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s et Simplicius.","main_title":{"title":"Le Probl\u00e8me du N\u00e9oplatonisme Alexandrin: Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s et Simplicius."},"abstract":"Review by Victor Goldschmidt: \"La modestie de son titre ne r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu'imparfaitement l'objet et la port\u00e9e de ce livre. Il s'agit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de r\u00e9former l'id\u00e9e traditionnelle qu'on se faisait de deux courants de la pens\u00e9e antique. C'est entre le d\u00e9but du ve si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re, en effet, jusqu'au d\u00e9but du viie que s'\u00e9tend l'espace temporel o\u00f9 K. Praechter, suivi par tous les savants venus apr\u00e8s lui, avait situ\u00e9 ce qu'il appelait \u00ab L'\u00c9cole alexandrine \u00bb. Ce mouvement se distinguerait fondamentalement de l'\u00c9cole d'Ath\u00e8nes, par son abandon partiel des constructions m\u00e9taphysiques de Proclus et de ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves, par un retour au \u00ab moyen platonisme \u00bb, par ses rapports de bon voisinage avec les milieux chr\u00e9tiens, et repr\u00e9senterait \u00ab un lieu de culture philosophiquement neutre, sans credo platonico-pa\u00efen \u00bb, et pla\u00e7ant l'\u00e9tude d'Aristote au-dessus de celle de Platon. Les traits de cette \u00c9cole se verraient avec une particuli\u00e8re nettet\u00e9 dans le commentaire d'Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s sur les Vers Dor\u00e9s attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 Pythagore, et dans le commentaire que Simplicius, avant d'\u00eatre entr\u00e9 en rapport avec l'\u00c9cole d'Ath\u00e8nes, a consacr\u00e9 au Manuel d'\u00c9pict\u00e8te. Or c'est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en pr\u00e9parant une \u00e9dition comment\u00e9e du commentaire de Simplicius (\u00e0 para\u00eetre dans la Collection G. Bud\u00e9), que l'A. a rencontr\u00e9 \u00ab le probl\u00e8me du n\u00e9oplatonisme alexandrin \u00bb ; la th\u00e8se traditionnelle lui a sembl\u00e9 alors insoutenable, pour des raisons tant historiques que de doctrine.\r\nEn bref, comme le dit l'auteur dans une formule remarquable, ce que l'on a pris pour un \u00ab n\u00e9oplatonisme plus simple \u00bb est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un \u00ab n\u00e9oplatonisme simplifi\u00e9 \u00bb, et m\u00eame \u00ab fragment\u00e9 \u00bb, et cela uniquement pour les besoins de l'enseignement. Il est montr\u00e9, en effet, d'une fa\u00e7on convaincante, que les deux Commentaires, d'Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s et de Simplicius, rel\u00e8vent de ce que nous appellerions une prop\u00e9deutique, c'est-\u00e0-dire qu'ils s'adressent \u00e0 des d\u00e9butants qu'il s'agit d'initier dans la \u00ab premi\u00e8re \u00bb partie de la philosophie, r\u00e9put\u00e9e la plus accessible, en l'esp\u00e8ce l'\u00e9thique. On sait que ce probl\u00e8me p\u00e9dagogique s'est pos\u00e9 d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but dans l'\u00c9cole sto\u00efcienne et qu'il a \u00e9t\u00e9 longuement discut\u00e9 par les commentateurs d'Aristote, qui donnent toutefois, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, la premi\u00e8re place \u00e0 la logique. Le VIIe chapitre apporte une contribution importante \u00e0 l'histoire de ce probl\u00e8me.\r\nD'o\u00f9 l'on voit d\u00e9j\u00e0 que c'est en apparence seulement que le r\u00e9sultat de l'ouvrage est n\u00e9gatif. Sans doute s'agit-il surtout de r\u00e9futer la th\u00e8se de K. Praechter, renouvel\u00e9e par A. Cameron et Ph. Merlan ; la Conclusion se termine sur cette affirmation qu'\u00ab il n'y a pas d'\u00e9cole n\u00e9oplatonicienne d'Alexandrie dont les tendances doctrinales diff\u00e9reraient des tendances propres \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole d'Ath\u00e8nes \u00bb. De fait, le livre contient une interpr\u00e9tation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e des fragments d'Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s conserv\u00e9s par Photius et, surtout, de son Commentaire sur les Vers Dor\u00e9s, montrant l'accord de ces textes avec le n\u00e9oplatonisme \u00ab ath\u00e9nien \u00bb. Ces ex\u00e9g\u00e8ses sont conduites avec fermet\u00e9, appuy\u00e9es sur une vaste information, et emportent la conviction, quoi qu'il en soit de tel ou tel point de d\u00e9tail. Quelques questions, d'ordre plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, pourraient \u00eatre pes\u00e9es. \u2014 P. 37 : il est certain que le th\u00e8me du \u00ab philosophe dans l'\u00c9tat corrompu \u00bb est un lieu commun et que le \u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, dans le texte de Simplicius est clairement une r\u00e9miniscence de la R\u00e9publique (VI, 496 c-d). Est-ce suffisant pour infirmer la th\u00e8se d'A. Cameron, qui voit dans ce texte une allusion \u00e0 la place faite aux philosophes n\u00e9oplatoniciens apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9dit de Justinien ? De telles citations, l'auteur en convient lui-m\u00eame deux pages plus loin, n'excluent nullement un \u00ab int\u00e9r\u00eat personnel \u00bb et, plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, la n\u00e9gation de principe de \u00ab remarques autobiographiques chez les auteurs antiques \u00bb (p. 39) est exag\u00e9r\u00e9e et m\u00eame inexacte. \u2014 P. 128 : l'expos\u00e9 de Chalcidius sur le Destin, qui est un texte canonique et qui au surplus avait servi \u00e0 K. Praechter \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser le \u00ab moyen platonisme \u00bb, m\u00e9ritait mieux qu'un bref r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : il \u00e9tait bon de rappeler qu'il s'agit, \u00e0 la suite d'ailleurs de Chrysippe, du commentaire d'un texte du Xe Livre de la R\u00e9publique ; on ne peut pas, en l'esp\u00e8ce, parler de \u00ab l'implication mutuelle de la providence et de VHeimarm\u00e9n\u00e8 \u00bb, et la note 40 simplifie le probl\u00e8me de la libert\u00e9 sto\u00efcienne, qu'on n'\u00e9tait pas sans doute oblig\u00e9 de traiter, mais auquel il fallait laisser sa complexit\u00e9 de probl\u00e8me, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ; l'on ne saurait \u00e9crire, en tout \u00e9tat de cause, que \u00ab pour les choses qui sont faites par fatalit\u00e9, leur contraire aurait pu aussi bien se faire \u00bb, th\u00e8se qui ne semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenue que par le seul Cl\u00e9anthe. \u2014 Le chapitre VII r\u00e9pond \u00e0 la question, nagu\u00e8re pos\u00e9e par R. Walzer : \u00ab Comment peut-on expliquer le fait que Simplicius, en tant que platonicien, commente les maximes \u00e9thiques d'un sto\u00efcien ? \u00bb. La r\u00e9ponse combine essentiellement deux consid\u00e9rations : l'apathie du sage sto\u00efcien est d\u00e9j\u00e0 admise dans le trait\u00e9 de Plotin Sur les Vertus (I, ii) et le caract\u00e8re sententieux du Manuel qui convient bien \u00e0 des d\u00e9butants. Sans doute, du point de vue historique, est-ce l\u00e0 tout ce qu'on peut all\u00e9guer. De fait, l'\u00e9thique plotinienne ne se r\u00e9sume pas \u00e0 l'id\u00e9al d'apathie et le genre gnomologique qu'on peut faire remonter aux Sept Sages avait trouv\u00e9 bien d'autres illustrations, ne serait-ce que, comme l'auteur le rappelle avec raison, chez les Pythagoriciens. On se demandera plut\u00f4t si, de la part de Simplicius, le choix du Manuel ne s'explique pas plus simplement par l'attrait extraordinaire que ce petit livre a exerc\u00e9 de tout temps sur les lecteurs, et cela en dehors de toute appartenance \u00e0 telle ou telle secte.\r\nUne derni\u00e8re question, enfin. On doit consid\u00e9rer que Mme Hadot a \u00e9tabli son propos, et que l'on ne parlera plus d'une \u00ab \u00e9cole alexandrine \u00bb, oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 celle d'Ath\u00e8nes et diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e de celle-ci selon les traits que Praechter avait cru pouvoir constater. Il reste qu'il y a eu, dans la p\u00e9riode en question, des n\u00e9oplatoniciens vivant et enseignant \u00e0 Alexandrie. M\u00eame en admettant leur \u00ab orthodoxie \u00bb fonci\u00e8re, ces hommes (sans parler d'Hypatie qui a subi pour la philosophie un martyre qui lui e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9 \u00e0 Ath\u00e8nes) ne pr\u00e9sentent-ils pas quelques caract\u00e8res communs : rien que leur environnement culturel le ferait conjecturer. Mais ce serait l\u00e0 l'objet d'une autre recherche, compl\u00e9mentaire de celle-ci.\r\nEn attendant, on saura gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l'auteur de cet ouvrage doublement pr\u00e9cieux : par ses r\u00e9sultats intrins\u00e8ques, et en tant qu'introduction \u00e0 son \u00e9dition \u00e0 para\u00eetre d'un texte jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent fort peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9.\"","btype":1,"date":"1978","language":"French","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/yVaEGm6PWAcLlQ0","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":4,"full_name":"Hadot, Ilsetraut","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}}],"book":{"id":180,"pubplace":"Paris","publisher":"\u00c9tudes Augustiniennes","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":["Le Probl\u00e8me du N\u00e9oplatonisme Alexandrin: Hi\u00e9rocl\u00e8s et Simplicius."]}

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